Tuesday, November 23, 2010

Summary of a discussion about technology being used to help children communicate

The following was posted on BLOOM, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital's blog. It was written by Louise Kinross, the editor of BLOOM.

Thursday, November 18, 2010

Technology: Hype or hope?

















I listened to a fascinating parent panel hosted at the Bloorview Research Symposium Tuesday. It was called Assistive Technology at the Dawn of the 21st Century: Juxtaposition of Hype, Reality and Hope. It was noted that 25,000 children in Ontario lack technology that would allow them to communicate or access a computer.

Holland Bloorview biomedical engineer Tom Chau (above left) moderated a discussion between four parents whose children have tried various communication technologies. The session was facilitated by students and staff in Tom’s Prism Lab. A focus of Tom’s lab is called ‘body talk’ research. This involves developing systems to detect physiologic signals – changes in brain waves, breathing patterns or heart rate – and translate them into electronic communication for kids who are non-verbal and immobile.

I wanted to share some of the parent comments with you.

What do you think about the hype around technology?

Karen Castelane: When I think about hype I think of the positives. It grabs the attention of the general public, stops them in their tracks and makes them take note. It motivates scientists to work in this field, and donors to donate, and gives hope to parents and therapists. It shows that this population has value and endorses the notion that communication is a right for all. When I think of negatives, hype can backfire when we don’t have quick results and the technology doesn’t live up to expectations.

Donna Cappelli: When my son Julian was younger people would say: “Isn’t there all this great technology? In five years you’ll hook up something to his brain and he can do anything.” But part of me has to accept how Julian is. If things don’t happen quickly, Julian gets frustrated. As parents, we have to take pause. I used to want to jump on everything but now I want to assess it.

How realistic is media coverage about assistive technology?

Donna Cappelli: I think media coverage is important. Everything comes down to money. Some of these technologies are being marketed for gaming because gaming makes money. If the media can show that the technology can be used in these other ways, it’s good.

Christopher Hopper: It’s helping you (scientists) stay motivated and engaged and pushing each other, whether it’s coverage in the popular press or scientific journals…Early on I thought maybe this technology will solve my son’s problems. Over time I learned that maybe there isn’t anything to solve. There aren’t any silver bullets out there, no magic wands. But there are different things that we can bring to bear. Through a tablet computer with a communication software, our son has gone from a rudimentary ability to communicate in sign to saying “I want juice or water” to…surfing on his iPad on YouTube.

Karen Castelane: My son Max is a normal boy trapped within a body. There is no existing technology to facilitate his communication. He can’t reliably and consistently get his body to move to hit a switch. He has basic yes and no responses. He can’t make his thoughts and needs and wants known. People who work with him need to have absolute patience. I think a learned helplessness sets in because we have to interpret for him. When we heard there was technology here that didn’t rely on physical movement…that hope bulb went off and we were totally committed. But four to five years in, we aren’t any further ahead than when we started. It’s frustrating. Our expectations are diminishing that Max will have access in his lifetime.

Donna Cappelli: Julian is able to communicate verbally, but his teachers and others who don’t know him can’t understand him. We had high expectations for technology but one of the difficulties we’ve had is to find something consistent for Julian. And on the other hand, when we do find something, Julian may reject it even though it’s appropriate. For example, he has single-switch access through a throat sensor that allows him to turn the pages of an online book. But the books from the library that he wants to read aren’t available online. So he has the access but nothing to use it with. So everything else has to catch up with this technology.

What are your dreams for your child?

Marcy White: To find out what Jacob’s dreams are. He’s trying to tell us something. If I had to choose one thing – he doesn’t walk and can’t hold his head up and is tube-fed. But if had to choose one thing, I’d say it would be to be able to communicate. We recently began using an iPod and I’m able to see in a very short period of time very appropriate use by him. I want to find a way to open him up because I know he has a lot to say.

Christopher Hopper: My dream is that he will grow up to be happy and fulfilled. Through assistive technology, Ben’s life has changed from black to white. I have the same dream for all children who are locked in a box. Being able to express choice, preference, love – it’s universal and it is a right.

Photo by William Suarez

Wednesday, November 3, 2010

Published in Bloom Blog (from Holland Bloorview Rehab Children's Hospital)

Wednesday, November 3, 2010

A dentist with a different approach

















A dentist with a different approach
By Marcy White (above with Jacob)

I took my eight-year-old son to the dentist. His appointment was the last one of the day, at 3:30. From the moment I woke up, I felt a ball of dread bouncing around in my stomach.

Taking Jacob to any appointment is an ordeal. Physically, it is difficult for me to carry him into the car. There is a lot to remember to bring with us, including bibs, a change of clothing, diapers and – depending on the time of day – pre-measured medication loaded into syringes, his food and his feeding pump. Emotionally, medical appointments are challenging because Jacob hates being examined. He yells, his only way to protest, for the entire duration of the meeting.

As much as I tried to put the day’s consultation out of my mind, it kept popping back into my consciousness and I imagined the sound of Jacob's angry screams reverberating in my ears.

His school bus arrived home at the usual time, 3:10. I immediately placed him into his car seat and clumsily heaved his 100+-pound wheelchair into the back of my van. During the 15-minute car ride, I told him where we were headed and reminded him that he was a big boy and didn't need to be scared.

I explained to Jacob that the reason we were going to a new dentist is because this is the dentist his sisters go to. Sierra and Jamie really like him and we thought Jacob would like him too.

For a child who’s fed by a tube inserted directly into his stomach, one would think that dentist visits were not necessary. Ironically, that is not the case because the act of chewing cleans teeth, in much the same way as a toothbrush does. Because Jacob doesn’t chew, plaque accumulates in his mouth at a much faster rate and he needs a dental exam every four months.

Until that day, Jacob had always seen an experienced dentist, a professional who rarely spoke directly to him. My son’s typical behavioural pattern was to start screaming uncontrollably the second his wheels crossed the threshold of the exam room.

Jacob's screams are incessant. They leave him soaked in sweat – as if he has just emerged from a shower. He chokes during the appointment because he cannot swallow all the secretions that his yelling causes. In short, the dentist visit is torturous for all involved, but it's hellish for my son.

Sadly, most of the medical professionals we've encountered over the course of Jacob's eight years have had virtually no social interaction with him. I cringe each time the doctors ignore my son – the patient – and speak only to me. When I inform them that Jacob understands our conversation, they still don’t interact with him. They often begin their examination without asking Jacob’s permission to touch him or explaining what they will do. I didn’t expect today to be any different.

As we entered the small, non-air-conditioned office we were told that the dentist would see us shortly. I wheeled Jacob into the waiting room and banged into a chair along the way because the aisle was not wide enough for Jake's wheels to pass easily. I sat down next to my son and reminded him about what would happen during the appointment. A few times his mouth contorted into the saddest frown that made me want to cry, but Jacob was able to compose himself. He was trying to be brave.

The room was hot and stuffy and I worried that the temperature alone would upset him. A friendly hygienist came up to us, crouched down and told Jacob that it wouldn't be much longer until it was his turn. Jacob looked at her and listened while she spoke to him. I can’t remember the last time someone at a doctor’s appointment thought to bend down and speak directly to my son. The simple act of conversing with Jacob, at his eye level, was enough to make me notice that so far this appointment was different from most of the other ones we've been to.

A short while later, the dentist, a tall, lanky man with a big smile, walked into the room and promptly shook Jacob's hand and said: “Hi Jacob, my name is Ed.” Instead of breaking into an ear-piercing shriek at the sight of this stranger, Jacob lifted his head to look at the newcomer. He was curious and willing to let this person speak to him. Ed sat down on his stool and explained, to Jacob, what he wanted to do during the appointment. He then asked Jacob if it was okay with him. Treating my son like a person was all it took for Jacob to listen and not scream. When it came time for the actual exam, my son was calm and co-operative.

My heart was racing; I was amazed by Jacob’s behaviour. I couldn’t believe this was the same kid whose screams are legendary at the hospital where we attend most of our appointments. I was so proud of my son and felt like giving the dentist a huge hug. I tried explaining how dramatically different Jake behaved and how talking directly to him made such a difference. I don’t think Ed fully understood the magnitude of this event and how it altered things for us.

Later that night, when I replayed the afternoon in my head, I felt a heavy sadness in my chest. I realized that during all the previous appointments Jacob was probably screaming for someone to explain what they wanted from him. It was terribly distressing to me that it took eight years to find someone who was willing to look past Jacob’s physical impairments to see the person in the wheelchair. I imagined how different the past eight years would have been if the doctors who had ignored my son had treated the whole person he is – and not just a body part.

Since that momentous day, Jacob and I have changed. At the start of medical appointments, I tell the professional that Jacob does not like being examined and doctors scare him. But if they speak to him and explain what will happen, he might be more co-operative. So far, it’s worked. Appointments are still physically difficult, but they are not as terrible as they once were.

And if you need a dentist, I can give you the number of a great one.